When we talk about diabetes, we often focus on Type 1 or Type 2. But there's another lesser-known form: Type 5 Diabetes, also referred to as Malnutrition-Related Diabetes Mellitus (MRDM). Though not commonly discussed, it’s crucial to understand this condition, especially in regions where childhood malnutrition still poses a major health challenge.

Need all your wellness solutions in one place? A whole new world awaits just a click away.

What is Type 5 Diabetes?

Type 5 diabetes isn’t your typical lifestyle-related diabetes. It primarily affects young adults who were undernourished during childhood, particularly in tropical or developing regions. It’s not just about blood sugar: this form of diabetes has roots in early life deficiencies that can impact the way the pancreas functions for years to come.

MRDM is broadly categorised into two types:

1. Fibrocalculous Pancreatic Diabetes (FCPD):
   This is the more common form, where the pancreas becomes damaged with fibrous tissue and calcifications, affecting insulin production.
2. Protein Deficient Pancreatic Diabetes (PDPD):
   Less common, this type is associated with a protein-deficient diet during the developmental years.

In a 2025 article published in Primary Care Diabetes, researchers propose a formal classification of MRDM (type 5) as a unique subtype due to its distinct pathophysiological characteristics, such as:

• Pancreatic calcification and fibrosis
• Absence of ketoacidosis (unlike type 1- absence of ketoacidosis means that the body is not producing dangerously high levels of ketones, which are acidic compounds that can build up in the blood when the body breaks down fat too quickly due to a lack of insulin)
• Individuals are insulin-deficient, but not insulin-resistant
• Strong nutritional correlation and early-life undernourishment

Related article: Best Snacks For People With Diabetes

Causes of Type 5 Diabetes

Unlike type 2 diabetes, which is largely influenced by obesity and sedentary lifestyle, research says MRDM is closely linked to:

• Chronic undernutrition in childhood
• Protein deficiencies
• Impaired pancreatic developmeent
• Repeated gastrointestinal infections
• Genetic predisposition in some populations

Related article: 9 Ways Exercise Protects Against Diabetes

Signs and Symptoms of Type 5 Diabetes

People with Type 5 Diabetes often show the following:

• Symptoms of high blood sugar: fatigue, excessive thirst, frequent urination, weight loss
• Digestive issues: abdominal pain, poor absorption of nutrients, fatty stools
• Underweight or lean body type, despite diabetes
• Often no family history of diabetes

Because of its unique origin, this form of diabetes can sometimes be overlooked or misdiagnosed.

Related story: Keep Diabetes Under Check: How To Stop Diabetes Before It Starts

Treatment & Management of Type 5 Diabetes

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the treatment of MRDM should focus on improving nutritional status, controlling blood glucose levels, and preventing complications. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) also recommends a comprehensive approach to diabetes management, including education, nutrition counseling, and regular monitoring of blood glucose levels. Because of its complex origins, type 5 diabetes requires both medical treatment and holistic lifestyle support. Here’s a blend of both:

1. Medical Management

• Accurate Diagnosis
  • Genetic testing is crucial (especially MODY panel or mitochondrial DNA testing).
  • Imaging or functional tests may be required if pancreatic damage is suspected.
• Treatment Options
  • Insulin therapy: May be necessary if beta-cell function is significantly impaired.
  • Enzyme Replacement: In cases of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, digestive enzymes may be prescribed.
• Monitoring
  • Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is useful for tight glycemic control.
  • Regular kidney and eye screenings are critical, as complications can develop even in early stages.

Note: It is important to consult your doctor before starting with any self-treatment.

Related story: 5 Prediabetic Symptoms You Shouldn’t Ignore

2. Wellness and Lifestyle Management

While the root cause is medical, lifestyle plays a critical role in symptom management and quality of life.

a. Anti-Inflammatory Diet

• Focus on omega-3s, turmeric, leafy greens, and healthy fats
• Limit ultra-processed foods, refined sugars, and red meat
• Consider pancreas-friendly foods like bitter gourd, berries, and papaya seeds (in moderation)

b. Gut & Pancreatic Health

• Probiotic-rich foods (yoghurt, kefir, kimchi) to support digestion
• Stay hydrated and eat smaller, more frequent meals to reduce pancreas stress

c. Gentle Movement

• Walking, yoga, and light resistance exercises help regulate glucose
• Avoid strenuous activity during periods of malnourishment or weakness

d. Micronutrient Monitoring
Deficiencies in vitamin D, zinc, B12, and magnesium are common in type 5 and must be corrected under professional guidance.

Need all your wellness solutions in one place? A whole new world awaits just a click away.

If you’re facing symptoms that don’t quite fit type 1 or type 2, don’t settle for a generic diagnosis. Push for deeper testing, nutritional support, and multidisciplinary care. Because wellness isn’t about labels, itt’s about listening to your body and supporting it fully.

Regular health checks are essential for everyone, but they are particularly important for individuals who are at risk of or already have any underlying condition. Taking regular health checks can help detect the condition at an early stage when it is easier to manage and treat. With the UR.Life HRA, we help you to invest in your well-being through seamless interventions and targeted medical treatments. Our holistic wellness approach caters to all aspects of your well-being. We ensure that you can bring your whole self to work.

With our medical professionals by your side, routine health check-ups will never be an issue. Advanced laboratory technologies back UR.Life’s Occupational Health Centers (OHC), and with highly qualified experts/technicians, we’re committed to delivering trusted and quality recommendations, modifications and advice to you.